Health And Medicine (audio)

Bias in health AI can shape who gets care, how fairly risk is measured, and whether automation helps or harms patients. Karandeep Singh, M.D., M.M.S.C. explains that predictive AI can reflect historical, representation, measurement, learning, evaluation, and deployment bias, especially when models are trained on limited populations or use flawed proxies for illness and access to care. Singh also describes generative AI as a system trained first to predict text and then to follow instructions, with bias entering through training data, instruction tuning, prompts, and outside information sources. Alongside these risks, he highlights practical uses such as AI-assisted sepsis quality review and patient outreach workflows, while emphasizing governance, human oversight, disclosure, and careful measurement of whether these tools actually improve care. Series: "Exploring Ethics" [Health and Medicine] [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 41365]

AI in healthcare raises urgent questions about bias, privacy, and power. Safiya U. Noble, Ph.D., examines how AI systems can reproduce social and racial inequities when they rely on incomplete data, hidden assumptions, and proxies such as healthcare spending. Noble points to problems in search engines, image generation, facial recognition, and medical algorithms, including cases where systems mislabel darker skin, fail more often on Black women, or favor white patients over sicker Black patients. She also highlights the risks of turning sensitive public and patient data over to large technology companies. Rather than treating AI as a neutral solution, Noble emphasizes the need for human judgment, community participation, stronger data protections, and smaller expert models with local control so healthcare decisions better reflect people’s real lives and social context. Series: "Exploring Ethics" [Health and Medicine] [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 41364]

Alzheimer’s disease unfolds over many years through a complex interplay of amyloid, tau, genetics, lipid biology, and the brain’s immune response. John Hardy, Ph.D., explains how rare inherited forms of Alzheimer’s disease helped shape current thinking about how the disease begins, then connects those discoveries to broader questions about late onset disease and why it develops differently across people. Hardy shows that amyloid and tau are linked but not identical, and argues that problems with protein buildup and clearance both matter in understanding the disease. He also emphasizes that Alzheimer’s is not a single event but a long process, which makes prediction, diagnosis, and treatment especially difficult. While current amyloid-targeting therapies can help and show measurable benefit, Hardy says they do not stop the disease, underscoring the need for earlier diagnosis, better treatments, and wider access to care Series: "Shiley Endowed Lecture" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41250]

Seizures caused by epilepsy can have a dramatic impact on one's quality of life. For Nolan, his seizures cost him everyday independence, including the ability to drive. When he decided to have surgery, he chose awake brain surgery led by Dr. Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at UCSF. During surgery, Nolan speaks and responds as the medical team carefully maps the language regions of his brain — guiding their treatment of him while protecting his ability to communicate. The result opens a path back toward the freedoms Nolan has been missing. [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41414]

Cognitive resilience depends on how the brain responds to environment, aging, and inflammation. J. Tiago Gonçalves, Ph.D., studies the hippocampus to examine how spatial memory is shaped by factors such as cognitive enrichment, exercise, social interaction, disease, and age. Gonçalves explains how adult neurogenesis and microglia help support the brain’s ability to encode information, and how disruptions in these systems can affect memory. He also shows that aging and systemic inflammation can weaken spatial encoding while still revealing signs of adaptation and recovery over time. By connecting brain plasticity, immune activity, and memory formation, Gonçalves presents a broader view of how cognition changes across the lifespan and how these mechanisms may inform future strategies for addressing cognitive decline Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40848]

Alpha Clinics in California accelerate the development of regenerative medicine therapies that use cells and genes to treat serious diseases. Patient advocate Tara Radcliffe Ghiglieri shares lived experience with gene therapy, while Sheldon Morris, M.D., M.P.H., Mehrdad Abedi, M.D., Daniela A. Bota, M.D., Ph.D., Catriona Jamieson, M.D., Ph.D., Michael Lewis, M.D., Mark Walters, M.D., and Leo D. Wang, M.D., Ph.D., describe how Alpha Clinic teams design and deliver clinical trials for a wide range of conditions, including cancer, blood disorders, neurologic disease, osteoarthritis, metabolic disorders, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. They highlight how coordinated networks, community partnerships, and genomic tools help expand access, lower financial barriers, and bring promising cell and gene therapies to more patients while carefully tracking safety, effectiveness, and long-term outcomes. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41168]

Off-the-shelf immune cell therapies using engineered T cells represent an important direction in cancer treatment. Lili Yang, Ph.D., at UCLA develops an off-the-shelf platform based on invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells generated from hematopoietic stem cells, often sourced from cord blood. Yang programs these stem cells with iNKT cell receptors, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and genes such as IL-15 to create pure, expandable iNKT products that recognize lipid antigens presented by non polymorphic CD1d molecules. These cells combine multiple killing mechanisms, infiltrate tissues, target tumor cells and immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and show reduced risk of graft versus host disease and cytokine release syndrome in preclinical models. Yang’s group tests this strategy in models of blood cancers and solid tumors, aiming to generate many therapeutic doses from a single donor. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40846]

How fast are you really aging, and what could that mean for brain health? Aladdin H. Shadyab, Ph.D., explores the gap between chronological age and biological age, and why that difference matters for long-term health. Shadyab describes tools that use information from blood to estimate how quickly the body is aging, including approaches that look beyond the body as a whole to consider aging in specific systems. He connects faster biological aging with higher risk for age-related disease and declines in physical and cognitive function, and discusses how blood-based biomarkers may offer earlier signals of processes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Shadyab also highlights lifestyle and treatment findings that may support healthier aging and longer survival. Series: "Stein Institute for Research on Aging" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41073]

The postpartum period is a major transition that reshapes the body, emotions, and daily life all at once. Julia Cormano, MD, FACOG presents a clear overview of recovery after delivery, explaining common physical changes, expected discomforts, and practical ways to support healing. Cormano emphasizes that experiences vary, and that understanding what is typical can reduce stress and help families feel more prepared. She highlights core areas of postpartum care, including bleeding, pain management, infant feeding, rest, and emotional well-being, while reinforcing the value of early support from loved ones and care teams. Cormano also distinguishes temporary emotional ups and downs from more serious mood concerns that need prompt attention, noting that early recognition and treatment improve outcomes for both parent and baby. Wherever you are in your postpartum journey, this guidance offers a supportive starting point to help you move forward with greater confidence and care. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health

RNA binding proteins help cells control how genetic information becomes working proteins, and Gene Yeo, Ph.D., M.B.A., at UC San Diego investigates how their disruption contributes to neurodegenerative disease. Yeo focuses on ALS, a severe motor neuron disease in which the RNA binding protein TDP-43 moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loses normal RNA processing functions, and triggers cryptic exons that damage key neuronal genes, including one linked to motor neuropathy. His group maps these RNA changes and develops small nuclear RNA guides packaged in AAV vectors to block harmful splice sites and restore healthy RNA and protein levels. In cell cultures and a humanized mouse model, this strategy improves axon growth and supports the idea that multiplexed RNA-targeted therapies could correct multiple disease pathways at once. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41166]

Aging is the leading risk factor for cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and heart disease, and Robert A.J. Signer, Ph.D., studies how aging stem cells shape pre-cancer and healthspan. As deputy director of the Sanford Stem Cell Discovery Center, Signer focuses on rare blood-forming stem cells that self-renew, generate all blood and immune cells, and normally sustain more than 35 trillion blood cells, including about 2 million new red blood cells every second. His group finds that these “Zen” stem cells slow protein production to limit damaging “trash,” but aging stresses overwhelm these defenses. Stress response programs such as HSF1 then help both healthy and mutant stem cells, fueling clonal hematopoiesis, a common, untreated pre-cancerous condition linked to cardiovascular disease, inflammation, cancer, and increased mortality. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41253]

How can Tai Chi be medicine? Sunny Pak, MD, MPH, shares simple movements that steady the mind, strengthen the body, and enhance qi flow. Series: "UCSF Honoring Origins of Mindfulness Series" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41317]

Why did Grandma ask you to drink that soup? Herbalist Yvonne Lau invites you to uncover the hidden secrets and timeless wisdom of Chinese herbs. Series: "UCSF Honoring Origins of Mindfulness Series" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41316]

Families with disabled students often face extra out-of-pocket costs—costs they wouldn’t have if their child weren’t disabled—to secure the same education other students receive for free, yet tax relief for those expenses is limited and unclear. Garret Hoff, J.D., argues that Internal Revenue Code Section 213 and its interpretations reflect a time when disabled people were not viewed as worth public money to educate, leaving families with arbitrary distinctions under the medical expense deduction. Hoff recommends the IRS revise Treasury Regulation 1.213-1(e)(1)(v)(a) to recognize a broader reading of Section 213, and he urges Congress to amend Section 529A, created by the ABLE Act, to lift contribution limits and make contributions tax deductible so families can fund qualified disability expenses through ABLE accounts. Hoff adds that lasting access and justice require cultural change, not only tax revisions. Series: "Autism Tree Project Annual Neuroscience Conference" [Public Affairs] [Health and Medicine] [S

How did Chinese herbs take root in America? Join herbalist Yvonne Lau as she explores the resilience and healing wisdom carried across oceans and generations. Series: "UCSF Honoring Origins of Mindfulness Series" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41315]

Balancing caregiving and career, Elizabeth Jalazo, M.D. traces how her daughter Evelyn’s early feeding challenges and later diagnosis of Angelman syndrome reshape her priorities and professional path. Jalazo describes barriers many families face in rare-disease diagnosis, including a “wait and see” approach, specialist access, and insurance denials, and she emphasizes the value of answers for community, care planning, and research access. At UNC Chapel Hill, Jalazo works as a pediatric geneticist and clinical trialist studying interventional therapies for neurodevelopmental and lysosomal storage disorders, and she serves as chief medical officer of the Angelman Syndrome Foundation. She also leads work on Early Check, an opt-in newborn sequencing program in North Carolina, and shares practical lessons about protecting sleep, building support, and saying no while holding space for hope and joy Series: "Autism Tree Project Annual Neuroscience Conference" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41173]

How can five flavors work in harmony? Chef Martin Yan, MS, takes us on a journey to explore how Eastern and Western traditions unite in a simple steamed fish dish. Series: "UCSF Honoring Origins of Mindfulness Series" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41314]

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

How do you navigate a nonlinear, “squiggly line” career in science and public health? Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, an epidemiologist and scientific communicator, explores challenges of science communication within academia—from cultural resistance to misaligned incentives—and why so much vital research never reaches the public. Joined by Dr. John Schwartzberg, Professor Emeritus, School of Public Health, they discuss the growing opportunities for scientists both within and beyond academia, and what needs to change to better support public impact across all career paths. Series: "UC Berkeley Graduate Lectures" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Education] [Show ID: 41067]

Exercise is medicine, however, is there an optimal time to take that medicine? Satchidananda Panda, Ph.D., Salk Institute, discusses the benefits and hazards of exercising, depending on the time of day. Series: "Stein Institute for Research on Aging" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 41209]